Metacognitive Coaching
The relationship between students and teachers is known as cognitive apprenticeship (or metacognitive coaching), where teachers guide students strategic thinking, practice, and realize self-directed learning. This type of coaching decreases as students become better competent.
Metacognitive coaching includes these features:
- Modeling : students observe and listen while teacher demonstrates and explains a task
- Coaching : students perform the task while teacher supports and makes suggestions through constructive feedback
- Sequencing : students engage in more challenging and diverse tasks as proficiency is gained
- Externalizing : students explain aloud their knowledge, thinking, and reasoning
- Reflecting : students compare their thinking and performance with that of experts
- Exploring : students are helped to apply, expand, and refine their skills independently
This figure shows the progression of dependence on the teacher's guidance to a more independent relationship through Metacognitive coaching.
Metacognitive coaching includes these features:
- Modeling : students observe and listen while teacher demonstrates and explains a task
- Coaching : students perform the task while teacher supports and makes suggestions through constructive feedback
- Sequencing : students engage in more challenging and diverse tasks as proficiency is gained
- Externalizing : students explain aloud their knowledge, thinking, and reasoning
- Reflecting : students compare their thinking and performance with that of experts
- Exploring : students are helped to apply, expand, and refine their skills independently
This figure shows the progression of dependence on the teacher's guidance to a more independent relationship through Metacognitive coaching.
Guiding Towards Metacognitive Management
The Teacher's Role
The Teacher's Role
- verbalizes thinking
- asks questions - helps define task - structures groups - helps shape strategy |
- guides, questions
- helps with resources - monitors progress - assists as resource |
- becomes less directive (fades)
- connects to other situations - facilitates reflection - evaluates learning |
Metacognitive Growth
The Adolescent's Role
The Adolescent's Role
- watches, listens
- verbalizes conceptions - poses questions - suggests strategies |
- designs inquiry
- implements strategies - checks personal progress - reconsiders strategy |
- evaluates learning
- reflects on process - makes learning connections - assumes future responsibility |